ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Non-healing of refractory ulcer wounds is found to be associated with imbalance of apoptosis and dysregulation of inflammation. Previous studies have sampled a certain type of tissue in different individuals, but individual differences maybe exist among the study data. There is still no report on the correlation between apoptotic rate, expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, Bax/Bcl-2 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in wound tissue of diabetic foot ulcer with different disease courses. OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between apoptotic rate and expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax and TNF-α in the wound tissue of diabetic foot ulcer with different disease courses and the mechanism of action. METHODS: Fifteen patients with typical diabetic foot of Wagner grades 2-3 were selected from the Department of Emergency, Chongqing Medical University. The wound tissue was classified as necrotic, transitional and normal tissue using the "4C” method after infection control. The apoptotic rate and levels of Bcl-2, Bax, TNF-α and Bax/Bcl-2 were detected using immunohistochemistry, and the results were statistically analyzed. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, with the approval No. (2019)329. All patients signed an informed consent. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The apoptotic rates of normal, transitional and necrotic tissues of diabetic foot were significantly different, which were (16.67±2.48)%, (43.68±2.22)% and (72.12±4.53)%, respectively (P transitional tissue > normal tissue. There was a curve relationship between Bcl-2, Bax, Bax/Bcl-2, TNF-α expression and apoptotic rate. The curvilinear regression analysis indicated that the expression of TNF-α had a highly positive correlation with the expression of Bax and Bax/Bcl-2 and had a highly negative correlation with the expression of Bcl-2. Therefore, apoptotic mechanism and inflammatory reaction are involved in the pathological process of diabetic food ulcer, and the mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression, up-regulation of Bax and TNF-α expression, and increase of Bax/Bcl-2, thereby increasing the apoptotic rate.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#Accumulation of estrogenic compounds and other carcinogens in normal breast tissues contributes to unpredictable breast cancer incidence during adolescence and throughout life. To assess the role of parabens in this phenomenon, the paraben content of adjacent normal-malignant breast tissues is measured in women with breast cancer living in Isfahan Province, Iran.@*METHODS@#Adjacent normal-malignant breast tissue samples were obtained from 53 subjects. The parabens including methyl-paraben (MePB), ethyl-paraben (EtPB), propyl-paraben (PrPB), and butylparaben (BuPB) were extracted from the sample supernatant and then subjected to gas chromatography analysis.@*RESULTS@#Some risk factors for breast cancer were stimulated by parabens in adjacent malignant-normal breast tissues among young and middle-aged women with breast cancer. We observed a significant association for dose-response pattern of MePB [OR = 98.34 (11.43-185.2), P = 0.027] for both ER+ and PR+ women and MePB [OR = 164.3 (CI: 112.3-216.3), P < 0.001] for HER2+ women than women with negative receptors. The risk of 95-fold increase in MePB dose and 164-fold increase in ΣPBs dose were significant for women with hereditary breast cancer in first-degree relatives.@*CONCLUSION@#These results may promote future epidemiology studies and strategies to improve women's lifestyle and consume paraben-free products.
ABSTRACT
Radiotherapy, which is one of three major cancer treatment methods in modern medicine, has continued to develop for a long period, more than a century. The development of radiotherapy means allowing the administration of higher doses to tumors to improve tumor control rates while minimizing the radiation doses absorbed by surrounding normal tissues through which radiation passes for administration to tumors, thereby reducing or removing the incidence of side effects. Such development of radiotherapy was accomplished by the development of clinical radiation oncology, the development of computers and machine engineering, the introduction of cutting-edge imaging technology, a deepened understanding of biological studies on the effects of radiation on human bodies, and the development of quality assurance (QA) programs in medical physics. The development of radiotherapy over the last two decades has been quite dazzling. Due to continuous improvements in cancer treatment, the average five-year survival rate of cancer patients has been close to 70%. The increases in cancer patients' complete cure rates and survival periods are making patients' quality of life during or after treatment a vitally important issue. Radiotherapy is implemented in approximately 1/3 to 2/3s of all cancer patients; and has improved the quality of life of cancer patients in the present age. Over the last century, as a noninvasive treatment, radiotherapy has unceasingly enhanced complete tumor cure rates and the side effects of radiotherapy have been gradually decreasing, resulting in a tremendous improvement in the quality of life of cancer patients.